Keyence Keyence Kameros Sistemos G pirkti naudotą (52 055)

Būklė: geras (naudotas), Fiber optic amplifier, fiber optic sensor, fiber optic sensor with digital sensor - Output: 1 - Connector: M-8 - Expansion unit: PNP - Weight: 0.2 kg Isdpfxjb A N Une Ab Njti

Būklė: geras (naudotas), Jutiklio modulis, inkrementinis enkoderis, enkoderio relės modulis, enkoderio modulis -Gamintojas: Keyence, enkoderio modulis -Tipas: CA-EN100U -Matmenys: 130/55/H30 mm Itedpfx Asx Sv Ihob Noi -Svoris: 0,1 kg

Būklė: geras (naudotas), Matavimo stiprintuvas, maitinimo modulis, taškinio tipo matavimo stiprintuvas, stabilizatorius, statinis eliminatorius, statinės elektros eliminatorius - Gamintojas: Keyence, statinis eliminatorius, stabilizatorius - Tipas: SJ-M300 - Matmenys: 130/70/H35 mm - Svoris: 0,1 kg Itsdpeyhbr Nofx Ab Nji

Būklė: labai geros būklės (naudotas), Ženklinimo lazeris, valdymas, pilno spektro jutiklis, jutiklis - Gamintojas: Keyence, pilno spektro jutiklis, nenaudotas, originali pakuotė - Tipas: LR-W500C - Įtampa: 10-30V DC - Dėžutės išmatavimai: 180/110/H650 mm - Svoris: 0,2 kg Itedpjx Swh Asfx Ab Nsi

Būklė: geras (naudotas), Fiber optic amplifier, fiber optic sensor, fiber optic sensor with digital sensor - Output: 1 - Connector: M-8 - Expansion unit: PNP - Weight: 0.2 kg Iodpfob A Hhyox Ab Neti

Būklė: geras (naudotas), Fiber optic amplifier, fiber optic sensor, fiber optic sensor with digital sensor - Output: 1 - Extension unit: PNP - Weight: 0.2 kg Iedpeb A N Upsfx Ab Njti

Būklė: geras (naudotas), Kamerinis kodų skaitytuvas, uEye kamera, pramoninė kamera, didelio našumo kamera Iedpfsxyh Aqox Ab Neti -Gamintojas: Keyence, pramoninė kamera, 16 kartų greitesnė, 2 megapikselių kamera (n/b) -Tipas: CA-H200MX -Išmatavimai: 115/70/H60 mm -Svoris: 0,4 kg

Būklė: geras (naudotas), Kameromis pagrįstas kodų skaitytuvas, uEye kamera, pramoninė kamera, didelio našumo kamera -Gamintojas: Keyence, pramoninė kamera 16 kartų greitesnė, 5 megapikselių kamera (juodai balta) Iedpfsxyh Dnex Ab Njti -Tipas: CA-H500MX -Išmatavimai: 115/70/H60 mm -Svoris: 0,4 kg

Būklė: geras (naudotas), Matavimo stiprintuvas, maitinimo modulis, taškinės versijos matavimo stiprintuvas -Gamintojas: Keyence, taškinės versijos matavimo stiprintuvas -Tipas: SJ-M300 Ijdpfex S Evzox Ab Noti -Matmenys: 130/50/H75 mm -Svoris: 0,2 kg

Būklė: labai geros būklės (naudotas), Durų uždarytuvas, grindinis durų uždarytuvas, uždarymo korpusas -Gamintojas: G-U BKS, grindinis durų uždarytuvas UTS 42, nenaudotas, originalioje pakuotėje Isdjtzrfrepfx Ab Njti Nr.: 50031099 -Durų plotis: 1100 mm -Kiekis: 1 vnt. durų uždarytuvas -Kartono išmatavimai: 360/100/H95 mm -Svoris: 3 kg

Būklė: geras (naudotas), Kameromis pagrįstas kodų skaitytuvas, uEye kamera, pramoninė kamera, aukštos funkcijos kamera -Gamintojas: Keyence, pramoninė 16 kartų didelės spartos eilutės kamera su 4096 pikselių -Tipas: CA-HLO4MX Isdpfxsx Sv A Ej Ab Noti -Matmenys: 110/50/H70 mm -Svoris: 0,4 kg

Būklė: geras (naudotas), Fiber optic amplifier, fiber optic sensor, fiber optic sensor with digital sensor Ijdpfx Abjb A Ny Sj Neti - Outputs: 2 - Connector: M8 - Extension unit: PNP - Weight: 0.2 kg

Gamybos metai: 2025, būklė: paruoštas naudoti (naudotas), bendras svoris: 39 kg, 2025 m. pagamintas optinis matavimo įrenginys. Šis „KEYENCE IM-8005“ modelis pasižymi 100 mm matavimo lauku ir dviguba kamerų sistema. IM-8005 galvutės grynasis svoris yra 29 kg, o valdiklio – 8 kg. Jei ieškote aukštos kokybės optinių matavimo galimybių, apsvarstykite galimybę įsigyti mūsų siūlomą „KEYENCE IM-8005“ matavimo staklę. Dėl išsamesnės informacijos susisiekite su mumis. - Matymo laukas: 100 mm matavimo laukas / dviguba kamera- Grynasis svoris (IM-8005 galvutė): 29,00 kg- Grynasis svoris (IM-8000 valdiklis): 8,00 kg- Grynasis svoris (priedai): 2,00 kg (IM-M80D), 0,20 kg (OP-99031), 0,02 kg (IM-H3C), 0,03 kg (IM-H3ED)- Į komplektą neįeina: kompiuteris Isdpfxezktc De Ab Njti

Gamybos metai: 1990, būklė: dilaminuotas dirbtuvėje (naudotas), Renovacijos metai: 2010 Galia kVa: 1375 Itjdpfx Ajini Hwjb Nei Įtampa: 6300 V Bendras svoris: 74 000 kg Kita informacija: 1,16 MW dyzelinis generatorius, pilnai atnaujintas

Gamybos metai: 2026, būklė: naujas, Funkcionalumas: visiškai funkcionalus, mašinos/transporto priemonės numeris: 053 389 601, Siūlomas PVC ekstruzijos įrankis PVC vamzdžių gamybai Itjdpfxjzhuqke Ab Nei Vamzdžio minimalus diametras: Ø63 mm Vamzdžio maksimalus diametras: Ø160 mm Išeiga apie: 750 kg/val Konstrukcija: Šerdies laikiklio sistema skirta PVC lydiniui, pilnai pagaminta iš 1.2316 medžiagos Srauto kontūras poliruotas Su cilindriniais šildytuvais ir M14x1,5 tipo „J“ termometru Komplekte yra 3 m prijungimo laidas, be greitos jungties prie ekstruderio Techniniai duomenys: 230V, 50Hz, maks. 3600W kiekvienai zonai, 16A Šildymo zonų skaičius: 6 Pristatymo komplekte yra 2 naudojimosi instrukcijos vokiečių arba anglų kalbomis.

Būklė: labai geros būklės (naudotas), Keyence Model: VR-5200 Type: Measurement Head Light Sources Observation light source: LED ring light (red, blue, green) Measurement light source: White LED Control Unit: VR-5000 Observation and Measurement Area Macro Mode Magnification (based on a 15-inch monitor) 12×: Horizontal: 24.0 mm Vertical: 18.0 mm Magnification (based on a 15-inch monitor) 25×: Horizontal: 12.0 mm Vertical: 9.0 mm Magnification (based on a 15-inch monitor) 38×: Horizontal: 8.0 mm Vertical: 6.0 mm Magnification (based on a 15-inch monitor) 50×: Horizontal: 6.0 mm Vertical: 4.5 mm Micro Mode Magnification (based on a 15-inch monitor) 40×: Horizontal: 7.6 mm Vertical: 5.7 mm Magnification (based on a 15-inch monitor) 80×: Horizontal: 3.8 mm Vertical: 2.9 mm Magnification (based on a 15-inch monitor) 120×: Horizontal: 2.5 mm Vertical: 1.9 mm Magnification (based on a 15-inch monitor) 160×: Horizontal: 1.9 mm Vertical: 1.4 mm Zoom: 1× to 4× Height Measurement Measurement resolution: 0.1 µm Height measurement range Without Z image stitching Macro Mode: 10 mm Micro Mode: 1 mm With Z image stitching Macro Mode: 50 mm Micro Mode: 30 mm Repeatability (σ) Without Z image stitching 0.4 µm With Z image stitching 1.0 µm Measurement accuracy Without Z image stitching ±2.5 µm With Z image stitching ±4.0 µm Width Measurement Repeatability (σ) Macro Mode: 1 µm Micro Mode: 0.5 µm Measurement accuracy Macro Mode: ±5 µm Micro Mode: ±2 µm Image Stitching Fully automatic measurement (automatic XY control + automatic Z focus) Automatic mapping, automatic area setup Measurable XY Area 206 × 104 mm Object Table XY Travel Range: 184 × 88 mm (motorized) Z Travel Range: 73 mm (motorized) Load capacity: 4.5 kg Working distance: 75 mm Image Sensor 4-megapixel CMOS, black & white Transmitting Lens Double telecentric lens x 2 Receiving Lens Double telecentric lens Data Processing Dedicated PC according to KEYENCE specifications (Operating System: Windows 11 Pro) Power Supply Voltage: 100 to 240 V AC, 50/60 Hz Itsdpfxjzimlpe Ab Noi Power consumption: max. 200 VA Environmental Resistance Ambient temperature: 15 to 30°C Relative humidity: 20 to 80% (non-condensing) Weight: approx. 28 kg (measurement unit weight approx. 11 kg) Object Table Extension View Software: VR-5000 Version 3.3.5.75 Image Stitching Module: VR-H3J Creates a single large image from a series of images captured with the viewing software. Color images are displayed. Analysis Extension Module: VR-H3CA Expands the functionality of the analysis software. Enables measurement comparison and 3D CAD measurement comparison. Condition: used Scope of delivery: (as pictured) (Technical changes and errors excepted! Specifications are subject to change.) For any further questions, we are happy to assist you by phone.

Būklė: labai geros būklės (naudotas), Gamybos metai: 2020, Keyence KEYENCE XM-2000 with XM-H1000 – 3D Coordinate Measuring System (CMM) Itsdpfx Abjzii Dne Nsi Professional handheld measurement system for precise 3D measurements directly on the production floor. Product Description: For sale is a used KEYENCE XM-2000 coordinate measuring system including the XM-H1000 handheld probe. This innovative system allows for precise 3D measurements directly at the workstation – no dedicated measuring room, no elaborate setup, and no specialized CMM knowledge required. The device is ideally suited for manufacturing operations, quality assurance, initial sample inspection reports (FAIR), in-process controls, as well as for reverse engineering. Technical Data – KEYENCE XM-C1000 / XM-H1000 (XM Series) Measurement System (General) Specification: Measuring range (XYZ): approx. 600 × 300 × 200 mm (depending on configuration) Measurement accuracy: ±(8 + L/80) µm (L = measured length in mm) Repeatability: ±3 µm (typical) Resolution: 1 µm Measuring principle: Optical tracking with camera-based detection Calibration: User calibration with calibration sphere possible CAD comparison: Directly on the device (STEP, IGES, etc.) Export formats: PDF, Excel, CSV, DXF Tolerance evaluation: Automatic with color comparison XM-C1000 – Control and Evaluation Unit (Controller) Component: Display: 15" touchscreen Interfaces: USB, LAN, HDMI, power supply Storage options: Internal + USB export Software functions: Measurement, CAD comparison, report generation Operation: Touchscreen + button operation Languages: Multilingual (including German) XM-H1000 – Handheld Measuring Probe Specification: Probe type: Handheld with push button Feedback: LED status indicator, vibration alert Probe tip: Interchangeable, various tips available Tracking: Detected by the controller’s camera system System Properties Specification: Operating temperature: 10 – 35 °C Power supply: 100–240 V AC, 50/60 Hz System size (complete): approx. 800 × 600 × 800 mm (depending on setup) Weight (overall system): approx. 25–40 kg (depending on configuration) Mounting: On table or optional measuring table Scope of Delivery: KEYENCE XM-2000 control and evaluation unit KEYENCE XM-H1000 handheld measuring probe XM-C1000 (controller) Camera unit / tracking module Connection cables and power supplies Condition: Used, fully functional, in very good condition. Shipping & Delivery: Shipping via freight forwarder Collection by appointment possible International shipping available upon request If you have any questions, require further information, or wish to schedule a viewing, please do not hesitate to contact us. (Subject to changes and possible errors in technical data and specifications!) We are also happy to answer further questions by phone.

Būklė: naudotas, Gamybos metai: 2022, Funkcionalumas: visiškai funkcionalus, mašinos/transporto priemonės numeris: 410798, įvesties srovės tipas: trifazis, The Kraft VPS100/1500 is a high-precision, fully automatic carton cutting system for flexible and efficient production of shipping and protective packaging from continuous corrugated cardboard—ideal for businesses dealing with variable small batches or on-demand production. Thanks to the patented multi-tool system, creasing, perforating, and cutting can be performed in a single pass, both longitudinally over the processing roller and transversely across the integrated cutting bar. 🎛 Processing & Tools - 6× multifunction tools for longitudinal processing - 1× multifunction tool for transverse processing - Creases are applied gently via creasing sleds, reducing splitting of the cardboard - Perforation with oscillating cutting knife; intensity adjustable - Cutting with toothed knife on a rubber-coated roller → fibre-free, grippy cut edge ⚙ Drive & Mechanics - Maintenance-free, high-dynamic linear drives for precise feed - Segmented top pressure for reliable carton feed-in - 2 rubberised rollers serve as counter-cutting and transport media 📐 Technical Data - Max. working width: 1,500 mm - Min. working length: 380 mm Isdpfxox Emgue Ab Njti Cardboard thickness: - min. 1.5 mm (E-flute 1.3) - max. 7.0 mm (BC-flute 2.7) - Tool width: approx. 45 mm ➕ Carton Feed (Feed Rack) - Max. stack height: 2,100 mm + 120 mm pallet - Max. feed rate: 100 m/min - Min. web width: 300 mm - Max. web width (VPS 1500): 1,500 mm - Total "side by side" width: max. 1,350 mm 💻 Control & Software Hardware - BECKHOFF Industrial PC C6930 (Intel® Core™ i5-7500T, 2.7 GHz, 4 cores) - 16 GB RAM, 240 GB SSD - Windows 10 IoT Enterprise - 21" multitouch panel - Control cabinet integrated into main unit Software Functions - Multi-stage cut optimization - Dynamic tool management - Bidirectional multi-line processing - User management (User, Service, Admin, Kraft) - Comprehensive production, carton, and design management - Message statistics, manufacturer documentation, training videos, service portal, etc. Documentation - Operating manual in local language - Circuit diagrams in German or English - Spare part drawings Additional Equipment - Standard interface for barcode scanner, file import (XML), database import - Operator panel mounted on a swivelling arm (left side) 🔄 Setup Times & Performance - Changeover time with automatic carton changer: approx. 4.5 seconds - Pure tool repositioning: approx. 2.5 seconds - The machine is delivered with multiple FEFCO formats and is immediately ready for production (e.g. 0201, 0331, 0403, 0410, 0412, 0421, 0401 incl. perforation) 🚚 Installation, Transport & Year of Manufacture - Demonstration and test machine, year of manufacture 2019 - Single-shift operation since 2022 - Disassembly, packaging, and delivery carried out by the seller - 3.5 t forklift with long forks required for unloading 🎨 Colour Scheme - Main unit: RAL 7015 (Slate Grey) & RAL 7035 (Light Grey) - Safety guard: RAL 7015 - Guard posts: RAL 7035 💡 Key Advantages of this Machine - Very short setup times → ideal for production of varied packaging - Fibre-reduced cut edges → reduced injury risk & improved appearance - Intuitive operation interface - Fully automatic processing with high precision - Instantly ready to use thanks to existing design templates - Low-maintenance linear drives - High process stability due to segmented top pressure

Gamybos metai: 2026, būklė: naujas, Funkcionalumas: visiškai funkcionalus, mašinos/transporto priemonės numeris: 066 404 601, Pasiūlomas ekstruzijos įrankis PE arba PP vamzdžių gamybai. Vamzdžių skersmens diapazonas, min.: Ø90 mm Vamzdžių skersmens diapazonas, maks.: Ø250 mm Išeiga, apytiksliai: 1100 kg/h Konstrukcija: Sraigtinio paskirstymo sistema, visiškai pagaminta iš 42CrMo4 Srauto kanalas poliruotas Įrengta cilindrų šildymo elementais ir termoelementu M14x1,5, tipas „J“ Įskaitant 3 m jungiamąjį laidą, be kištukinės jungties, skirto prijungti prie ekstruderio. Techniniai duomenys: 230 V, 50 Hz, maks. 3600 W kiekvienai zonai, 16 A Šildymo zonų skaičius: 7 Pristatymo komplekte yra 2 vnt. naudojimo instrukcijų vokiečių arba anglų kalba. Pasiūlyme yra šios pozicijos: Iodpjzhnd Rsfx Ab Noti - Pagrindinis įrankis PO G 250 - Apvalkalo komplektas, skirtas maks. 10 % išoriniam sluoksniui - Lankstus antgalio įdėklas, skirtas Ø250/180, su šiuo antgalio įdėklu galima gaminti visus dydžius nuo Ø250 iki Ø180, naudojant SDR17 + SDR11. - Įrankio laikiklis, pasukamas 90° - Vidinė aušinimo sistema, skirta alyvai arba vandeniui, sraigtiniame paskirstymo bloke - Vamzdžiai, skirti aušinti vamzdžio galvutę, įrengti įrankyje

Būklė: naujas, VHX-600E, Keyence Digital Microscope - New Model: VHX-600E Type: VHX-600E Condition: New Ijdpfx Aboq S Ti Ej Neti

Gamybos metai: 1992, būklė: labai geros būklės (naudotas), mašinos/transporto priemonės numeris: 1183, VACUUM CALIBRATION TANK G&G VA 75-6 Chamber: 1 Pipe diameter: Max 75 mm Length: 6 meters Feed: electrically driven, forward and backward Year of manufacture: 1992 Iodpferqz Auex Ab Noti

Būklė: naujas, veikimo valandos: 8 h, Funkcionalumas: visiškai funkcionalus, mašinos/transporto priemonės numeris: #BC0Q000005, Įranga: Tipinė plokštelė prieinama, dokumentacija / vadovas, Parduodamas 3D skeneris KEYENCE VL-770 Siūlome įsigyti profesionalų 3D skenerį KEYENCE VL-770, kuris buvo įsigytas Čekijoje tiesiogiai iš KEYENCE atstovo mūsų įmonės poreikiams (be PVM). Tai – įmonės turto pardavimas. Įsigijimo data: 2025-02-28 Įrenginio būklė: išskirtinai geros būklės, praktiškai kaip naujas Naudojimas: įrenginys naudotas tik labai ribotai, kelioms trumpoms matavimo užduotims atlikti Laikymas: visą laiką įrenginys buvo laikomas itin švarioje ir kontroliuojamoje aplinkoje, vystymo (R&D) skyriuje. Iodpfszg Dpmex Ab Njti Eksploatacijos apkrova: skeneris nebuvo naudojamas serijinėje gamyboje, su įrenginiu nebuvo atliekami jokie intensyvūs ar pramoniniai darbai. Pagrindinis šio pasiūlymo privalumas: tai beveik naujos technologijos įrenginys, įsigytas tiesiai iš gamintojo, tačiau parduodamas naudotos įrangos kaina, be laukimo ir papildomų pradinių investicijų. Komplektacijoje: • VL-770 matavimo galvutė • VL-700 valdymo blokas • VL-730 300 mm matavimo stalas • VL-C33 apsauginis gaubtas nuo pašalinės šviesos 300 mm stalui • VL-A3E VL serijos programinės įrangos paketas (anglų kalba) Kaina: • 27 000 € be PVM Jei susidomėjote arba norite gauti daugiau informacijos – susisiekite su mumis.

Būklė: geras (naudotas), Hidraulinis presas Itodpfx Abezkg Igs Nei Gamintojas: G + K Pagaminimo metai: 1992 Maksimali presavimo jėga: 130 t Stalo matmenys (apačioje): 800 x 500 mm, su T formos grioveliais Stalo matmenys (viršuje): 800 x 500 mm, su T formos grioveliais Montavimo matmenys: 1000 mm Sistemos slėgis: 250 bar Elektromotorio galia: 15 kW Svoris: 3400 kg Darbinė įtampa: 380 AC, 24 DC Valdymo sistema atnaujinta prieš 5 metus Mašina turi du stalus: viršutinį ir apatinį, kurių matmenys – 800 x 500 mm. Hidrauliniame bloke įrengtas droselis, skirtas slėgiui reguliuoti.

Būklė: geras (naudotas), Keyence Isdpfjzgr D Eex Ab Neti Model: VR-6200 + VR-6000 Technical Data: Measurable XY area: 300 mm × 150 mm *2 Object stage: XY travel range: 278 mm × 134 mm Z travel range: 69 mm Load capacity: 4.5 kg Working distance: 75 mm Image sensor: 4-megapixel CMOS, B/W Macro mode: Magnification (based on a 15-inch monitor): 12× Horizontal: 24.0 mm Vertical: 18.0 mm Magnification (based on a 15-inch monitor): 25× Horizontal: 12.0 mm Vertical: 9.0 mm Magnification (based on a 15-inch monitor): 38× Horizontal: 8.0 mm Vertical: 6.0 mm Magnification (based on a 15-inch monitor): 50× Horizontal: 6.0 mm Vertical: 4.5 mm Micro mode: Magnification (based on a 15-inch monitor): 40× Horizontal: 7.6 mm Vertical: 5.7 mm Magnification (based on a 15-inch monitor): 80× Horizontal: 3.8 mm Vertical: 2.9 mm Magnification (based on a 15-inch monitor): 120× Horizontal: 2.5 mm Vertical: 1.9 mm Magnification (based on a 15-inch monitor): 160× Horizontal: 1.9 mm Vertical: 1.4 mm Zoom: 1× to 4× Display resolution: 0.1 μm Height measurement range: Without Z image composition: Macro mode: 10 mm Micro mode: 1 mm With Z image composition: Macro mode: 50 mm Micro mode: 30 mm Repeatability (σ) Without Z image composition: 0.4 μm *1 With Z image composition: 1.0 μm *1 Measurement accuracy: Without Z image composition: ±2.5 μm *1 With Z image composition: ±4.0 μm *1 Only 50 operating hours! Includes software CD, PC not included! Condition: (like new!) For further technical information, please refer to the manufacturer. Scope of delivery: (As pictured!) (Subject to changes and errors in technical data and specifications!) For further questions, we are happy to assist you by phone.

Būklė: labai geros būklės (naudotas), Gamybos metai: 2013, Funkcionalumas: visiškai funkcionalus, bendras svoris: 140 kg, LPG-Systems LPG Cellu M6 Endermolab 1I or opt. 2I Beauty and Therapy Device Body and Facial Device (new) Endermo lift (Ergo lift) Latest world patent for facial treatments Tested by certified trainer (Beauty and Therapy) Completely refurbished and overhauled Freshly serviced New hose Refurbished KM80 treatment head from 2013 New KM70 treatment head or TR50 therapy head New KM50 treatment head New controller from previous owner Device has been freshly overhauled New valves, seals, hose New capacitors, new filters, etc... Original price: €39,980 net Suitable for endermology body and face treatments Optional upgrade to Ergo Lift patent 2014 for an additional €2,000 Lipo massage and Endermolift technology possible Itsdpjcgy Hdefx Ab Nsi Like new and immediately available in Germany Optional delivery and commissioning according to LPG manual Optional starter package (bodywear, filters, claps, flyers) A premium device in the upper class of the medical beauty sector! No low-quality devices like ultrasound or radiofrequency from China - Ergodrive, Ergo lift, 12 months warranty from date of purchase, only valid with a 2-day training course including final certification exam Start your endermology season now. 100% natural mechanostimulation ensures pain-free, yet intensive treatments. This is a treatment with a high addiction factor. Customers aim to strengthen and firm connective tissue, reduce cellulite, and for men, tone the abdominal area. My clients typically lose two dress sizes and benefit from a scientifically proven boost to their metabolism. Hooded eyelids and double chins can be positively affected with Endermolift. This method is patented and precise like a Swiss watch. Over the past 18 years, I've been treating and trading with older used LPG devices, but the results from the latest generation have convinced me to promote the new Integral and sister models Endermolab and Alliance. We support you with application questions even after your purchase. Facts about LPG: - 40 years of experience - Global market leader in the medical beauty segment - European company - 175 documented clinical and scientific studies - 80,000 devices produced - Present in 100 countries - 12 million treatments performed - 200,000 treatments per day - Leasing available from our partner bank, e.g. €399/month - Images similar, new machines constantly available - We care about you after the purchase! - Nationwide references available - Used by doctors, therapists, beauticians, etc.